Akagambane mw’ifungwa rya Muberuka Pascal
Mw’izina ry’Abaturage b’u Rwanda (au nom du Peuple Rwandais), Inkiko GACACA zasize zimitse mu Rwanda akarengane, urwango, ubujura no guhonyora uburenganzira bwa muntu. Porofeseri wo muri Kaminuza (Université Catholique) ya Kabgayi MUBERUKA Pascal azitaba kuri tariki ya 09/01/2014 Urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga. Ntazi niba azaba agiye kuburana urubanza rwerekeranye n’ifungwa ry’Ibyitso muri 1990-1991 cyangwa azaburana urupfu rwa Mbaraga Rayimondi, ukiriho akaba akorera Leta y’u Rwanda.
Muberuka yafunzwe arengana ku wa 24/12/2008 yagambaniwe na MBARAGA Rayimondi wamushinjaga ko yafungishije Ibyitso by’Inkotanyi muri za 1990-1991 akiri Umushinjacyaho (IPJ) wa Komini Mushubati. Mbaraga yongeye kumushinja ko ngo yaje mu bitero byo kwica abatutsi bahungiye i Kabgayi akahica abantu batazwi muri jenoside ya 1994. Nyamara abarokokeye i Kabgayi batinyutse kwemeza ko Muberuka atigeze ahakandagira. Mukumufungisha, Mbaraga yabifashijwemo na MUNYAKAYANZA Gonzalve, wari umuhuzabikorwa w’Inkiko Gacaca mu murenge wa Nyamabuye (Muhanga-Gitarama). Bombi bifashisha Madamu MURORUNKWERE Alexia wari Perezida w’Urukiko Gacaca rw’Akagari ka Murama (Muhanga-Gitarama).
Abashinjabinyoma bifashishijwe rugikubita ni : Bakundukize Vestine, Nibaseke Viateur na Mpambara Wenceslas. Aba batangabuyamya baje gushinjwa ubugambanyi na NIYISENGWA Paulin wari warafunzwe mu byitso. Uyu nawe yunganiwe n’umugore we MUKAGATANA Anyesi wahamije mu ruhame ko dosiye ya Muberuka ihimbwa yari ahari. Murumuna wa Niyisengwa witwa NIYIRIMBERE Martin baramwitabaje ngo ashinje Muberuka kandi we atarigeze afungwa mu byitso. Nubwo ariwe wagombaga kuburana na Muberuka ntabwo yigeze aboneka m’uru urubanza kugeza ruciwe tariki ya 14/02/2009.
Taliki ya 14/08/2012, MUBERUKA yatanze ibirego bibiri (2) mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga agira ngo arugaragarize ko afungiye kwica umuntu uriho ari we MBARAGA Rayimondi. Byongeye kandi yashakaga kurugaragariza ko, nubwo nta byo yakoze, gufunga ibyitso by’inkotanyi atari icyaha cya jenoside ku mukozi wa Leta, nkuko byemejwe mu rubanza RP 87/GIT/CH.S/3/99 rwaciwe n’Urukiko rwa mbere rw’iremezo rwa Gitarama kuwa 30/05/2000 no mu rubanza RP 89/GIT/CH.S/3/99 rwaciwe n’urwo rukiko ku wa 08/04/2002 haregwa umushinjacyaha (IPJ) Sibomana Jean Baptiste.
Tariki ya 21/12/2012, urwo Rukiko rwafashe icyemezo cy’uko rwiyambuye ububasha kuri urwo rubanza, rwemeza ko ruzaburanishwa n’Urukiko rw’ibanze rwa Nyamabuye ruhita rurwoherezayo. Kugeza na nubu ntabwo Muberuka arahamagarwa ngo aruburane. Maître Julien Ngabonziza umwunganira amaze kwandikira kabiri urwo rukiko ariko ntiruramusubiza.
Ifatwa kuwa 24/12/2008, ifungwa n’imanza Gacaca za Porofeseri MUBERUKA Pascal (wigishaga muri Kaminuza ya Kiliziya Gatorika i Kabgayi) zagaragaje ibikurikira :
1. Akarengane n’ikinyoma n’ibyorezo bikomeje kuvuza ubuhuha mu Ubucamanza bw’u Rwanda. Ikinyoma cyahawe intebe n’amashyirahamwe y’ABASHINJABINYOMA bashyigikiwe na Leta yayogoje Inkiko Gacaca n’Inkiko zisanzwe mu Rwanda.
2. Komisiyo y’Igihugu y’Uburenganzira bwa Muntu (CNDP) yateshejwe agaciro kayo. Kuko yatakambiye abategetsi bakuriye Inkiko GACACA, Minisitiri w’Ubucamanza n’inzego zose zishinzwe kurenganura abaturage biranga biba iby’ubusa. Muberuka afunzwe arengana cyane. Ndetse n’abacikacumu b’abatutsi bamushinjuye barabifungiwe kuko bamaganye kandi bakitandukanya n’udutsiko tw’Abashinjabinyoma bagambaniye Muberuka agakatirwa gufungwa burundu by’umwihariko ku wa 16/09/2009 kandi arengana nkuko tugiye kubibagaragariza muri iri tangazo. Abamushinjura bakatiwe igifungo cyo kubacecekesha n’aba : NIYISENGWA Paulin (yakatiwe umwaka umwe), GASHUGI Oswald (amezi atatu) na SEKAGENGE Claude (amezi atandatu).
3. Itegeko Nshinga ry’u Rwanda, mu ngingo zaryo zirenganura abanyarwanda ryararibaswe biratinda. Amategeko n’inzego byose byagenewe kurenganura MUBERUKA Pascal byarasuzuguwe, himikwa gusa Akarengane, Ikinyoma, Urwango no guhonyora Ukuri.
MUBERUKA Pascal arashinjwa Ibyaha bitatu :
1. Icyaha cy’isakwa n’ifungwa ry’ibyitso by’inkotanyi muri Segiteri Kagarama mu 1990 ;
2. Icyaha cy’isakwa n’ifungwa rya Kamuhinda Gaspard na bagenzi be muri 1991 ;
3. Icyaha cy’uruhare mu rupfu rw’abantu batazwi baguye i Kabgayi muri 1994.
Ibyo byaha bibiri byo gusaka no gufunga ibyitso
Urukiko rwa Mbere rw’Iremezo (Tribinstance) rwa Gitarama rwaciye urubanza RP 87/GIT/CH.S/3/99 kuwa 30/05/2000 maze rugira umwere uwaregagwa ko yafunze ibyitso. Uwo ni uwari Burugumesitiri wa Komini Mushubati, Bwana Munyankumburwa Emmanuel, wahise afungurwa. Urukiko rwemeje ko gusaka no gufunga ibyitso by’Inkotanyi mu rwego rw’akazi nku’uko n’ubu bikorwa atari icyaha cya jenoside. Amaze kuba umwere, MUBERUKA wari Umushinjacyaha IPJ (Inspecteur de la Police Judiciaire) wa Komini Mushubati muri 1990-1991) aregwa ibyo Burugumestri bakoranye yagizweho umwere.
Mu batangabuhamya bamushinjura abatutsi batatu (3) barafashwe bakatirwa ibihano bikomeye bigamije gucecekesha burundu n’undi muntu wese w’inyangamugayo watinyuka gushinjura ababeshyerwa cyangwa ababorera muri za gereza z’u Rwanda barengana
Umugore wa Muberuka nta bategetsi n’imilyango irengera abantu atatakambiye. Kuva kuri Perezida Paul Kagame, ugaca kuri Domitila MUKANTAGANZWA n’abandi bayobozi bari bakuriye GACACA. Abarenganije umugabo we Muberuka bahisemo kwimika umuco wo kugambanira no kurenganya inzirakarengane.
Abatangabuhamya bashinja MUBERUKA bahawe umwanya munini wo kuvuga icyo bashaka byose. Abashinjura Muberuka benshi ntibatumijwe, n’abaje bamburwaga ijambo kimwe n’umuburanyi MUBERUKA wanditse amabaruwa arenga 40 (mirongo ine) kuva yafungwa asaba kumurenganura. Yandikiye abategetsi n’inzego nyinshi z’ubutegetsi n’imilyango irengera ikiremwamuntu biba iby’ubusa na nubu aracyafunzwe arengana.
Dore ibyiciro byinshi by’ako karengane nkuko tubisoma mw’ibaruwa n° CNDP/OCT/576/09 yo kuwa 30/10/2009 Komisiyo y’Uburenganzira bwa Muntu (CNDP) yandikiye Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’Urwego rw’Igihugu rwari rushinzwe Inkiko GACACA muri icyo gihe ariwe Madamu Domitila MUKANTAGANZWA :
1. Ku wa 31/12/2008, MUBERUKA Pascal, ukomoka mu Murenge wa Cyeza yandikiye Komisiyo asaba ko yamufasha akarenganurwa kuko avuga ko yafunzwe binyuranyije n’amategeko kubera akagambane.
2. Ku wa 24/12/2008, Muberuka Pascal yafatiwe ku kazi aho yigishaga muri Kaminuza gatolika ya Kabgayi ashinjwa kuba yaragize uruhare muri jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu mwaka w’1994, no kuba icyitso muri iyo jenoside.
3. Ku wa 28/12/2008, Muberuka Pascal yafungiwe muri Gereza ya Gitarama ari naho agifungiye kugeza ubu. (Ubu asigaye afungiwe muri gereza ya MPANGA hafi ya Nyanza).
4. Komisiyo yakurikiranye urubanza rwa Muberuka Pascal rwaciwe n’Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Jabana, Akarere ka Gasabo mu Mujyi wa Kigali rwabereye i Kabgayi ku wa 08 Nyakanga 2009, n’urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rw’uwo Murenge (Jabana) rwaciwe ku wa 15 no ku wa 16/09/2009. Izo Nkiko zombi zikaba zarahanishije Muberuka igifungo cya burundu y’umwihariko.
5. Komisiyo ibandikiye kugirango ibagaragarize ibitagenze neza mu rubanza rw’Ubujurire rwabereye i Kabgayi ku wa 15 no kuwa 16/09/2009 byerekana ihohoterwa ry’uburenganzira ku rubanza ruciwe mu mucyo.
Ibyo Komisiyo yabonye byabangamiye ubwo burenganira nibi bikurikira :
1. MUBERUKA Pascal ntiyahabwaga ijambo ngo abone uko yisobanura neza. Wasangaga Inteko imwaka ijambo atarangije gusubiza icyo yabajijwe bakamujyana ku kindi kibazo, yatangira kuvuga Inteko ikamubwira ko ibizi atari ngombwa kubisubiramo ko iby’inama batabireba cyane ahubwo ko bareba ibyabereye i Kabgayi.
2. Perezida w’Inteko wasangaga abogamiye ku buryo bugaragara ku ruhande rwa Mbaraga Raymond aho kuba hagati y’ababuranyi bombi. Aha twatanga nk’urugero rw’uko iyo Mbaraga yahabwaga ijambo, yahabwaga umwanya uhagije wo kuvuga. Muberuka Pascal yavuga akamuca mu ijambo.
3. Abatangabuhamya ba Muberuka Pascal ntibigeze bahamagazwa, n’abari bahari bakurikiraga urubanza gusa. Iyo basabaga ijambo ibyo bavuze ntibyahabwaga agaciro cyane cyane iyo babaga bavugira uregwa.
4. Abatangabuhamya ba Mbaraba Raymond, bagaragaye mu rubanze bagahabwa n’ijambo ni abo mu muryango we gusa barimo muramu we n’umugore we.
5. Kuba mu Rubanza hari uwabajije ati ko i Kabgayi hari abandi bantu baharokokeye, habura n’undi waba yarahabonye Muberuka Pascal. Perezida w’Urukiko amusubiza avuga ko afite ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside. Ibi bishobora gufatwa nka « intimidation ».
6. Ikindi kitagenze neza n’uko wasangaga Muberuka Pascal asa n’aho aburana na Perezida w’Inteko aho kuburana n’uwamureze.
7. Ikindi cyakwibazwaho ni uko dosiye ya Muberuka Pascal yavanywe mu buryo butunguranye mu rubanza yari ahuriyeho na Hategeka Augustin na bagenzi be bagombaga kuburanishwa n’Urukiko Gacaca rw’Ubujurire rw’Umurenge wa Kicukiro nk’uko byari mu ibaruwa n° Réf 1521/MDMD/2009 yo ku wa 27/12/2009, Urwego rw’Igihugu Rushinzwe Inkiko Gacaca rwandikiye Urukiko Gacaca rw’Ubujurire rw’Umurenge wa Kicukiro rusaba kuburanisha Hategeka Augustin na bagenzi be. Yaje (Muberuka) kuburanishwa wenyine n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rw’Umurenge wa JABANA.
8. Madamu Munyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa, Komisiyo isanga Muberuka Pascal yaravukijwe uburenganzira ku rubanza ruciwe mu mucyo (privé d’un procès équitable).
Iyi baruwa n° CNDP/OCT/576/09 yo kuwa 30/10/2009 Komisiyo y’Igihugu y’Uburenganzira bwa Muntu (CNDP) yasinywe na Perezida w’iyo Komisiyo, Madamu KAYITESI Zaïnabo Sylvie, irasobanura bihagije akarengane kakorewe Muberuka Pascal.
Komisiyo yasabye Madamu Mukantaganzwa Domitila ko urubanza rwa Muberuka rusubirwamo nkuko na nyirubwite yabisabye mu ibaruwa ye yo ku wa 29/09/2009 yandikiye Perezida w’Inama Rusange y’Umurenge wa Gihuma, rugahabwa indi nteko kandi rukaburanishwa mu mucyo no mu butabera. Nkuko byagaragaye, Madamu Mukantaganzwa yasuzuguye Komisiyo y’Uburenganzira bwa Muntu. Bityo Muberuka akaba yarakomeje gufungwa kugeza na n’ubu. Ikigo CLIIR ntikiramenya niba MUBERUKA Pascal azahabwa umwanya wo kwisobanura maze agahita afungurwa nkuko byakagombye kugenda mu gihugu kivuga ko kigendera ku mategeko.
Nkuko twabisobanuye mw’Itangazo ryacu n°80/2005 ryasohowe ku wa 18/03/2005, abategetsi ba gisilikare cyangwa bo mw’ishyaka rya FPR-Inkotanyi biyemeje kuyobya imikorere y’Inkiko Gacaca bagamije kuzikoresha mu guhohotera abahutu b’inzirakarengane.
Hagambiriwe kubafungisha no kubacuza imitungo yabo. Gukenesha imilyango y’abahutu mu buryo bunyuranye. Kuyobya Gacaca babigezeho binjiza ba Maneko ba DMI benshi muri izo Nkiko. Babigezeho birukana Inyangamugayo zitorewe n’abaturage zirenga ibihumbi 45 (45.000 juges) nkuko Madamu MUKANTAGANZWA Domitila yabyivugiye mu kiganiro yagiranye na BBC tariki ya 15 Nyakanga 2006.
Uwo mubare w’Inyangamugayo Gacaca zirukanywe ungana n’ibice 25 kw’ijana (25%) by’Inyangamugayo zisaga 200.000 zari zaratowe. Inyangamugayo zirukanywe zari zaranze kwinjira muri gahunda y’abamaneko ba DMI (Directorate of Military Intelligence) bashakaga kubashora mu kagambane ko gufungisha abahutu b’inzirakarengane babahora ko ari abahutu gusa.
Ba maneko DMI bamaze kwigarurira Inkiko Gacaca, nibwo abahutu benshi mu bize amashuri menshi, mu bakozi ba Leta, mu bacuruzi, mu barimu no mu baganga b’abahutu, baciriwe imanza n’Inkiko Gacaca hagambiriwe kubafungira ubusa no kubacuza imitungo yabo. Gacaca yatumye abaturage benshi bahunga igihugu cy’u Rwanda. Benshi bahungira za Burundi, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzaniya, RDCongo no mu Burayi.
UMWANZURO :
Nkuko Ikigo kirwanya Umuco wo Kudahana no Kurenganya mu Rwanda (CLIIR) kitahwemye kwamagana uburyo abagome, abagambanyi n’abajura bakoresheje Inkiko GACACA bagahohotera abaturage batagira ingano babafungisha, babacuza imitungo yabo. Uruhare rw’abategetsi b’inzego zinyuranye narwo rwaragaragaye mu kwimika ubwo bugome n’ubujura bwakorewe mu Nkiko GACACA.
Ikindi cyagaragaye kandi kibabaje n’uruhare rukomeye, Madamu Domitila MUKANTAGANZWA (Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa wari ukuriye Inkiko Gacaca) yagize mu KURENGANYA abantu bashowe mu manza za Gacaca bazira gusa ko ari abahutu bafite amashuri cyangwa imitungo igaragara. Byari byoroshye kwitabaza udukipe tw’abantu bashonje (kandi mu Rwanda abashonji ni benshi) ukabashora mu manza zo gushinja ibinyoma, ubizeza inyungu bazabona mu gihe Imitungo y’abarengana itejwe cyamunara bagahabwa ku mafaranga avuye muri ubwo bujura bushyigikiwe n’abategetsi.
Turasaba ko Porofeseri MUBERUKA Pascal yafungurwa nta yandi mananiza bamushyizeho.
Bikorewe i Buruseli kuwa 08 Mutarama 2014
Yozefu MATATA, Umuhuzabikorwa w’Ikigo CLIIR.